The Difference Between
Creation and Change
(A) Setting the Stage: 1. Re-stating the Problem: Recent developments suggest the universe is completely self-contained and can be exhaustively explained and understood in terms of the laws of physics. 2. So, for example, see the modern "inflationary" theories of the origins of the universe: "quantum tunneling from nothing." 3. Take note, however: The modern vacuum is not absolutely nothing! 4. What this means: modern physics and cosmology are talking about change; whereas Christian theology is talking about creation. (B) Creation and Change: 1. Change: Whenever there is a change, there must be some "thing" which changes, an underlying "material" out of which the new thing comes. 2. Creation: Creation is the radical causing of the whole reality of whatever exists. To be the complete cause of something's very existence is not to produce a change; to create is not to work on or alter some already existing "material." If there were a prior something which was used in the act of producing a new thing, then the agent doing the producing would not be the complete cause of the new thing. 3. The difference between creation and the building of a house. 4. God is the complete cause of the being of whatever exists.
7. There must be an answer to the question: Why is there something rather than nothing at all? (Why must there be an answer? Because there is something -- in fact, a lot of somethings; they are not the cause of their own being; and none of them exist necessarily. Therefore, there must be a Source or Cause of the Being of whatever exists.) (C) Creation ex nihilo and the Eternal Universe 1. There would be a need for a Creator even if the universe were eternal: the universe would have no first moment of its existence, but it would still have a cause of its being. 2. Many people think that creation ex nihilo is equivalent to creation "in time." Not true. 3. The two proper meanings of creation ex nihilo: 4. Note: Creation is not exclusively some distant event; it is the continual, complete causing of the very being of whatever exists. 4. Natural science can never know whether this continual, complete causing of the very being of whatever exists began at a certain point in time. 5. Quite frankly, it is hard to know how we can even talk about the "beginning" of time. 6. One must accept a beginning in time on the authority of revelation, not reason; but this has no bearing on the question of whether the universe must have a Creator. (D) Modern Science and Creation ex nihilo 1. The Big Bang is not describing creation (in the Christian sense of the term), but change. 2. There is something for God to do (namely, continually create the Being of whatever exists). 3. Modern science does not touch the notion of a Creator. 4. The other side of the coin: Theology need not object to any of the explorations of modern science. They should welcome them. 5. However, modern scientists should know what they can do (and often do well) and what they really can't do (and thus often, in trying to do, do badly). That is to say, they shouldn't draw philosophical or metaphysical conclusions from their data. Just as biologists should draw biological conclusions from biological data (not conclusions proper to chemistry or physics); just as chemists should draw chemical conclusions from chemical data (not conclusions proper to physics); so too physicists should draw physical conclusions from the data of physics (not conclusions proper to philosophy or metaphysics). (a) Example 1: Different phenotypes necessarily implies different genotypes. Biological data (different phenotype) is being used to draw a conclusion (different genotype) that only biochemistry (in particular, the sub-discipline of genetics) can actually prove. (b) Example 2: Analysis of
the light
spectra emitted by various chemicals shows that each chemical has a
unique pattern. Why? And why does carbon show the specific
pattern it
shows, while oxygen shows a very different one? This question can
only
be answered by sub-atomic particle physics (in particular, the
sub-discipline of quantum electrodynamics). (c) Similarly: Analysis of change in the universe cannot tell
you whether or not the universe has a Creator
(in the sense of an ultimate cause of the Being of whatever
exists.)
Nor can a simple study of the matter of the universe reveal to you
whether or not the universe contains non-material realities.
Reductivist materialism and Naturalism are philosophical positions; they
are not required by the
methodology of science. They are philosophical positions certain
scientists bring to their
scientific study, not conclusions derived
from their scientific study. (d) Analogously, the notion of the
pre-eminence of the Aryan race -- indeed, the very notion of the
existence of something called the "Aryan Race" (as opposed to merely an
Aryan language group) -- was something certain scientists brought to their scientific study,
not a conclusion derived from
their scientific study. Sadly, this sort of thing -- confusing
scientific conclusions and philosophical presuppositions -- happens
more frequently than we would like to think. |